Unlicensed technologies, such as LoRaWAN, work in the license-free and region-specific Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) and Short-Range Devices (SRD) bands. In general, LPWANs can be categorized based on the license of the occupied spectrum. Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) provide long-range communication for many devices simultaneously, while enabling battery life for many years. The diverse applications of WSNs have sparked the development of a new group of IoT-centric access technologies. Four smart metering transmission categories are analyzed, and NB-IoT is verified to be appropriate for applications that are not latency sensitive. Overall, NB-IoT is a reliable and flexible LPWAN technology for sensor applications even under challenging radio conditions. The maximum data rates are consistent over a wide range of coverage situations. NB-IoT provides a wide coverage by using signal repetitions, which improve the receiver sensitivity, but simultaneously increase the system latency. The results indicate that NB-IoT meets most theoretical Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) design goals in a commercial deployment. Additionally, NB-IoT is discussed in the context of typical smart metering use cases. Special consideration is given to the influence of the radio parameters on the application layer QoS. In this paper, systematic physical layer measurements are conducted, and the application layer performance is verified. Although NB-IoT Release 13 has been deployed by Mobile Network Operators (MNO), detailed Quality of Service (QoS) evaluations in public networks are still rare. Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is part of a novel group of access technologies referred to as Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), which provide energy-efficient and long-range network access to IoT devices.
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